U.S. Coast Guard Icebreakers
Historical Bibliography
Articles
Adams, Michael R. "Coast Guard Breaks Ice with New 140-Foot Tugs." Naval Institute Proceedings 95 (Feb 1979), pp. 113-115.
"Atomic Icebreaker Considered." Naval Institute Proceedings 89 (Feb 1963), pp. 156-158.
"A Brief History of U.S. Coast Guard Icebreakers." Mariners Weather Log 20, No. 6 (1976), p. 315.
Brigham, Lawson W. "One-Forty Class Coast Guard Icebreaker-Tugs." Mariners Weather Log 25 (Nov-Dec 1981), pp. 386-389.
________. "Under Way With the 140-foot Icebreaker-Tugs." Naval Institute Proceedings 106 (Oct 1980), pp. 123-125.
________., & Michael Powers. "First Impressions...New One-Forty Class." The Bulletin (Mar/Apr 1980), pp. 30-35.
Canney, Don. "Icebreakers and the U.S. Coast Guard [A history]."
Caron, David D. "Polar Star Precommissioning Detail Established." The Bulletin (Nov-Dec 1974), pp. 32-33.
Clevenger, Mark. "The Polar Sea's Story." Naval Institute Proceedings 104 (Oct 1978), pp. 112-115.
"Coast Guard Reviews Icebreaker Design." Sea Power (Aug 1992), pp. 44-45.
"Coast Guard Will Operate All U.S. Icebreakers." The Bulletin (Sep-Oct 1965), p. 382.
Crighton, L.J. "Icebreakers—Their Design and Construction." Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, No. 45.
"Cutter [Mackinaw] Breaks Heaviest Ice in Scientific Tests." Coast Guard Magazine (Apr 1948), p. 39.
________. "Polar Sea on Patrol in 1979." Naval Institute Proceedings 105 (Dec 1979), pp. 119-120.
Dempewolff, Richard F. "Ships That Buck the Polar Seas." Popular Mechanics CV (Mar 1956), pp. 114-120, 266-270.
"Developments of 75 Years Incorporated in New Icebreaker Design." The Bulletin (Apr 1945), pp. 24-27.
"Eastwind Disaster." Coast Guard Magazine (Mar 1949), pp. 20-23.
"The Eastwind’s Story." Coast Guard Bulletin IV, 9 (Mar 1949), p. 115.
"First New Icebreaker [Polar Star] in 20 Years..." Commandant's Bulletin (Jan 19 1976), pp. 9-10.
"Four Ice-Breakers to be Built in California." Coast Guard Bulletin I, 31 (Jan 1942), p. 246.
Fredeen, Melvin. "Our Trouble-Plagued Icebreakers Finally Break the Ice." Sea Classics XI (July 1978), pp. 36-43.
Garrett, Jeffrey M. "The Coast Guard's Red Fleet." Naval Institute Proceedings 106 (Dec 1980), pp. 101-103.
________. "Science and Innovation in the Arctic [Healy]." Naval Institute Proceedings 128 (Jan 2002), pp. 66-70.
Gault, Owen. "Icebreakers of the U.S. Coast Guard." Sea Classics IV (Nov 1971), pp. 46-49.
"Goodbye Glacier." Commandant's Bulletin (Jun 26 1987), pp. 30-33.
Gordon, Renee. "Coast Guard Cutter Healy Launched." Commandant's Bulletin (Feb 1998), pp. 8-11.
Green, D.L. "The Polar Star." The Bulletin (Sep-Oct 1972), pp. 47-53.
Grunther, Ian, & Greg Johnson. "A Ship for the New Millennium: USCGC Healy to be Launched 15 November at Avondale." Sea Power (Oct 1997), pp. 45-46.
Haley, Alex. "Tragedy Stalks the Sea, an Account of the Eastwind Disaster." Coast Guard Magazine (Mar 1949), pp. 22-23.
Hall, Dennis. "Breaker Design Begun: The CGC Healy to Set New Standards for Coast Guard Arctic-Research Cutters." Commandant's Bulletin (Aug 1994), p. 9.
Halldin, Gustaf. "Federal Ice Breaker 'Ymer.'" U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest (Mar 1938), pp. [*****]
"Harbor Cutters." Marine Engineering and Shipping Review (June 1939); (Nov 1939), pp. [*****]
Harbron, J.D. "Modern Icebreakers." Scientific American 249 (6), pp. 150-152. [*****]
[Icebreaking] Heckman, Hugh M. "Icebreaking: An Old Challenge, a New Science." Sea Classics XII (Jan 1979), pp. 26-43.
Hoffer, D.L. "So the Navy Gave You an Icebreaker!" The Bulletin (Mar-Apr 1968), pp. 30-33.
"To Honor the Dead of the ‘Eastwind.’" Coast Guard Bulletin IV, 9 (Mar 1949), p. 115.
"Icebreaker Launched at Toledo [Mackinaw]." Coast Guard Bulletin II, 22 (Apr 1944), p. 269.
"Ice Crackers of the Coast Guard." Popular Mechanics LXXXIII (Mar 1945), pp. 11-15.
"Icebreaker Starts Busy Season on the Great Lakes." Proceedings of the Merchant Marine Council 3 (Feb 1946), pp. 19-20.
Illingworth, Frank. "The Polar Fleets." Shipping World CXLVI (Jan 10, 1962), pp. 31-34, 37.
Johnson, Harvey F. "Development of Ice-Breaking Vessels for the U.S. Coast Guard." Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 54 (1946), pp. 112-151.
________.________. Marine Engineering and Shipping Review LI (Dec 1946), pp. 84-85, 88-97.
________.________. U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 46 (Sep-Oct 1947), pp. 22-24.
________.________. "(Continued)." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 47 (Nov-Dec, 1947), pp. 16-22.
________.________. "(Concluded)." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 48 (Jan-Feb, 1948), pp. 22-27.
Kaplan, Herbert R. "New Super Icebreaker with a Sunday Punch." Sea Power XV (May 1972), pp. 28-31.
Kothe, H.H. "Six Burnin', Three Turnin'. [Polar Class]." The Bulletin (July/Aug 1980), pp. 24-28.
Lancaster, Charles, & Petey Milnes. "Polar Power [CGC Healy]." Commandant's Bulletin (Jul 1996), pp. 2-5.
Langrock, D.G. "U.S. Coast Guard Icebreaker Support Facility." Naval Institute Proceedings 104 (Oct 1978), pp. 115-117.
Lank, R.B., Jr. "Influence of Arctic Operations on Future Ship Design." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 47 (Nov-Dec, 1947), pp. 3-5.
________.________. Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc. 59 (May 1947), pp. [*****]
"Launching Polar Star (WAGB-10)." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 182 (Jan-Feb-Mar 1974), pp. 2-3.
"Lectures on Streamlined Rudders Given at Webb Institute." Marine Engineering and Shipping Age (Dec 1928), pp. [*****]
Leonard, John N. "Marooned in the Ice: Westwind's recent voyage to Antarctica was a replay of 'Operation Deep Squeeze 1914' and the spirit of 'Today for you, tomorrow for me.'" Commandant's Bulletin 20-84 (Sep 28 1984), pp. 16-18.
[Mackinaw.] "The Industrial Base [new Great Lakes icebreaker]." Sea Power 45, No. 8 (Aug 2002), p. 31.
McCabe, J.E. "Eastwind Has Unique Radio Station." Coast Guard Magazine (Oct 1952), pp. 8-10.
McDonald, Edwin A. "Our Icebreakers are Not Good Enough." Naval Institute Proceedings 92 (Feb 1966), pp. 60-69.
McKibben, F.M. "Some Considerations in the Design of Icebreakers." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 104 (May-June 1957), pp. 4-6.
Meidt, Richard. "Polar Star: New Coast Guard Icebreaker." Marine Weather Log XX (Sep 1976), pp. 262-266.
Midgette, Van B., & Thomas Braithwaite. "The Polar Class Icebreaker: Super Ship of the Coast Guard." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 183 (Apr-May-June 1974), pp. 14-19.
Milano, V.R. "Notes on Icebreaker Design." Journal of The American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc. LXXIV (Feb 1962), pp. 43-51.
________. "Preliminary Vessel Estimates in Icebreaker Design." Naval Engineers Journal LXXIV (Aug 1962), pp. 505-514.
Miller, Edward C. "Arctic Prowlers." Sea Classics V (Nov 1972), pp. 16-29.
Moore, Robert G. "Polar Star--The Second Time Around." Naval Institute Proceedings 104 (Oct 1978), pp. 107-112.
________. "The Polar Icebreakers: Breaking Through At Last." Naval Institute Proceedings 105 (Dec 1979), pp. 115-119.
Morley, J.P. "Icebreakers, Their Construction and Use." Polar Record XI (Jan 1962), pp. 6-12.
Moss, Robert A. "Launching USCGC Healy: A Commentary." The Bulletin (Apr 1998), pp. 7-8.
Naab, Joseph W., Jr. "Icebreakers and Icebreaking." Naval Institute Proceedings 88 (June 1962), pp. 44-58.
"The New Coast Guard Icebreaker 'Mackinaw' Goes Into Service." The Bulletin (Feb 1945), pp. 249-255.
"New Great Lakes Ice Breaker to be Ready for Winter of 1943-44." Coast Guard Bulletin II, 2 (Aug 1942), p. 16.
"New Ice-Breakers Commissioned." The Bulletin (Jan 1945), pp. 224-225.
"The New 140-Foot Icebreaking Tug [USCGC Katmai Bay]." The Bulletin (Nov-Dec 1978), p. 27.
Nielsen, Richard. "World Icebreaker Fleets and Post-War Icebreaker Construction." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 159 (Apr-May-June 1968), pp. 64-70.
Noble, Dennis L. and Truman R. Strobridge. "Polar Icebreakers of the United States Coast Guard." Polar Record: Journal of the Scott Polar Institute 18 (Jan 1977), pp. 351-360.
"A Nuclear Icebreaker with Oceanographic Capability." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No.162 (Jan-Feb-Mar 1969), pp. 1-15.
"On the Lakes Crunching Ice: The U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Mackinaw." Time CXIII (Mar 19, 1979), p. 10.
"'Our Ship [USCGC Mackinaw].'"The Bulletin (July 1947), pp. 189-193.
"Our Ship of the Month: Mackinaw." Coast Guard Magazine (Mar 1948), pp. 47-48.
Parsons, Robert. "High-Tech Icebreaker [ Healy ] Completes Second Arctic Science Cruise." The Bulletin 65, No. 1 (Feb 2003), pp. 25-26.
Peterson, Oliver A. "Eastwind Sets New Polar Record." Coast Guard Magazine (Jan 1951), pp. 8-10.
"Polar Icebreaker Design Completed By Coast Guard Naval Engineering Division." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest 26-235 (Summer, 1988), p. 6.
"Polar Icebreaker Replacement." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest 25-232 (Winter/Spring, 1987), p. 10."Polar Sea Breaks Ice Record." Commandant's Bulletin (14 Jan 1980), p. 3.
"Polar Sea Breaks Record." Commandant's Bulletin (Jan 14 1980), p. 3.
"Polar Sea Returns." Commandant's Bulletin (Jun 8 1981), pp. 7-9.
"Polar Sea Smashes Northern Record." Commandant's Bulletin (Mar 30 1981), pp. 10-17.
"Polar Sea Strives for Arctic Record [ Arctic West Winter Operations 1981 ]." Commandant's Bulletin (Feb 2 1981), p. 5.
"Polar Ships." Shipbuilding and Shipping Record XC (Dec 26, 1957), pp. 832-836.
"The Polar Star." Sea Classics IX (July 1976), pp. 50-55.
"Polar Star." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 191 (Apr-May-Jun, 1976), pp. 35-43.
"The Polar Star – New Coast Guard Icebreaker." Mariners Weather Log 20, No. 5 (1976), p. 263.
"Polar Star, Returning to Seattle From a Four-Month Operation Deep Freeze 81 Deployment . . ." Commandant's Bulletin (Apr 13 1981), p. 5.
"Replacement Polar Icebreaker." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest 24-227 (Summer 1985), pp. 15.
Riley, Wayne. "Building a Better Icebreaker [Healy]." Commandant's Bulletin (May 1991), p. 5.
Schmidtman, R.D. "Ice Breakers." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest (Oct 1940), pp. 1-13.
"Second Icebreaking Cutter [Eastwind] Soon to be Launched." Coast Guard Bulletin II, 7 (Jan 1943), p. 95.
Serres, Harry T. "The Cutter Westwind." Coast Guard Magazine (Jun 1953), pp. 38-39.
"Ships on Ice." All Hands (Mar 1976), pp. 60-63.
"Ship of the Month [Mackinaw]." Coast Guard Magazine (May 1950), p. 40.
Siler, Owen. "The Commandant [Polar Sea launching]." Commandant's Bulletin (July 7 1975), pp. 6-9.
Simonson, Dale R. "Bow Characteristics for Ice Breaking." Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers (May 1936), pp. [*****]
Strobridge, Truman R., & Dennis L. Noble. "Polar Icebreakers and the United States Coast Guard." Polar Record XVIII (Jan 1977), pp. 351-360.
Story, James F. "The Decline of the Icebreaker Fleet." Naval Institute Proceedings 115 (Oct 1989), pp. 86-87.
________. "Only Two Polar Icebreakers Left!" Naval Institute Proceedings 115 (Oct 1989), pp. 84-88.
Tebeau, Peter A. "The Glacier Challenge -- Preserving the Coast Guard's Polar Legacy." The Bulletin 65, No. 1 (Feb 2003), pp. 26-27.
Thatch, James H., III. "Whales and Icebreakers: Soviet-Led Rescue Spotlights Cetacean-Sized U.S. Deficiencies." Sea Power (Apr 1989), pp. 114-120.
Tilyou, Mark, Neal Thayer, & Richard P. Zimmermann. "Polar Class Icebreaker: Oceanographic Mission Upgrade, Part 1." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest 30-248 (Winter 1992), pp. 24-27.
"Two Icebreakers Launched." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 3 (May 1943), p. 9.
"290-Foot Icebreaking Cutter [Mackinaw] for Great Lakes Service Placed in Commission." Coast Guard Bulletin II, 32 (Feb 1945), p. 370.
"USCGC 'Mackinaw' Launched." Proceedings of the Merchant Marine Council 1 (Apr 1944), pp. 78-79.
Venzke, Norman C. "Fiddling While the Ice Grinds . . ." Naval Institute Proceedings 113 (Dec 1987), pp. 114-117.
________. "Nobody asked me, but ... Should the Coast Guard Stay in the Icebreaking Business?" Naval Institute Proceedings 118 (Dec 1992), pp. 97-98.
________. "The Polar Icebreakers: In a Class by Themselves." Naval Institute Proceedings CII (Jan 1976), pp. 91-94.
________. "Polar Star--Sitrep One." Naval Institute Proceedings 104 (Oct 1978), pp. 103-106.
Walsh, Greg. "Farewell to the Mackinaw." Professional Mariner Issue No. 6 (Mar 1994), pp. 28-37.
Wasmund, James A. "Most Powerful Coast Guard Ice Breakers [269-foot Wind-Class icebreakers].." U.S. Coast Guard Engineer's Digest No. 26 (Apr 1945), pp. 4-7.
________. "Most Powerful Coast Guard Ice Breakers [269-foot Wind-Class icebreakers]." Marine Age (Dec 1944), pp. 22-24.
Waterman, R. "Trial Tests of Coast Guard Icebreaker 'Westwind.'" U. S. Department of Commerce, 1966.
Webster, Russ. "USCG Westwind - Mine Countermeasures Vessel?" The Bulletin (Jan-Feb 1983), p. 44.
White, R. M. and G.P. Vance. "Icebreaker Model Tests." Naval Engineers Journal LXXIX (Aug 1967), pp. 601-605.
Wilser, Charles P. "The Evergreen Goes North." Coast Guard Magazine (Sep 1954), p. 17.
"'Wind' Class Icebreakers Served Under Two Flags." Coast Guard Magazine (Jun 1956), p. 51.
Books and Government Publications
Bleich, Arthur H. USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279): First Icebreaker Around the World. Boston: Burdette and Co., 1961.
Bonner, Warren D. The Mighty "E" [ Eastwind ]: A Ship and Her Crew. Orange, CA: By the Author, 2004.
Couper, Alastair, ed. The Shipping Revolution: The Modern Merchant Ship. Conway's History of the Ship Series. Annapolis: Naval Institute Proceedings , 1992.
Dayton, R.B., Jr. Polar Icebreaker Preliminary Structural Design and Special Studies. Washington: Office of Engineering, U.S. Coast Guard, 1968.
Jaffe, Phil. The 1954 Historic Arctic Adventure of the Northwind. Tempe, AZ: Third Millennium Publishing, 2003.
United States Coast Guard. Polar Icebreaker Replacement Project Management Plan COMDTINST M16155.3. Washington: U.S. Coast Guard, 1987.
United States Congress. House. Authorizing Construction, etc., of 3 Coast Guard Cutters Designed for Icebreaking in Arctic and Antarctic Regions. H. Rp. 1057, 86th Cong., 1st sess., 1959, Serial 12163.
________.________. Construction of Coast Guard Cutter Designed for Ice-Breaking and Assistance Work on Great Lakes. H. Rp. 1216, 77th Cong., 1st sess., 1942, Serial 10557.
________.________. Veto Message Relative to Bill to Authorize Construction of Nuclear-Powered Icebreaking Vessel for Operation by Coast Guard, etc. H. Doc. 435, 85th Cong., 2nd sess., 1958, Serial 12098.
________.________. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Hearings on H.R. 9196, H.R. 9978, & H.R. 10122 to Authorize the Construction of a Nuclear-Powered Icebreaking Vessel for Operation by the United States Coast Guard, & For Other Purposes. 85th Cong., 2nd sess. Washington: GPO, 1958.
________.________.________. Subcommittee on Coast Guard, Coast and Geodetic Survey, & Navigation. Coast Guard Authorization, 1968--Icebreaker Program: Hearings. 90th Cong., 1st sess. Washington: GPO, 1967.
________. Senate. Authorizing Atomic Icebreaker for Utilization by Coast Guard. S. Rp. 1931, 85th Cong., 2nd sess., 1958, Serial 12063.
________.________. Construction of Coast Guard Cutter Designed for Ice-Breaking and Assistance Work on Great Lakes. S. Rp. 770, 77th Cong., 1st sess., 1942, Serial 10546.
________.________. Construction of 10 Vessels for Coast Guard Designed for Ice-Breaking and Assistance Work. S. Rp. 1189, 74th Cong., 1st sess., 1935, Serial 9880.
Uzoigwe, Chioma Ada. The Ship is Healy. Bloomfield, NJ: Reedbuck, 1999.
Unpublished Papers, Theses and Dissertations
Canney, Donald L. "Icebreakers of the U.S. Coast Guard." Unpublished manuscript, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office 1990.
Johnson, Harvey F. "Development of Ice-Breaking Vessels for the U.S. Coast Guard." Advance copy of paper presented at annual meeting of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 14-15 Nov 1946.